Back from Nagano
So this weekend was my first trip to the Japanese Alps in Nagano. As I explained last week, snowboarding and ski trips are pretty cheap and the views were stunning!
Hailing from Minneapolis, Minnesota, Brenda McKinney is an American living and working in the Kansai region of Japan. This is an account of her life and adventures among the fine people of Nihon.
Here are several examples (click to enlarge):
I won't explain all of these, but you do need some background understanding of characters (kanji) to understand the meaning of some of these pieces. The next one, for example involves two kanji, 川 (kawa, or river) and 州 (shu, or state). Strikingly similar, Seiichi combines the two words to form a visual embankment between water and land - literally consisting of the words themselves:
The word 触る (sawaru, or touch) consists of the main kanji and one character from the hiragana alphabet (る). I interpreted this piece as showing what happens when you smack something or as showing how molecules spread when you touch another surface. I can't tell what the small kanji in the upper left-hand corner means, however, and I am sure it is relevant - I could be wrong:
雨 is the kanji for rain:
Finally, I really like the tatami-themed picture on the lower right. Tatami are the bamboo-grass floors found in most Japanese homes. The picture is laid out in the way a standard tatami room would be laid out. The main flats of the picture consist of the kanji for tatami, while the other kanji - seen in the middle of the open space - is the word for a fire hole (for hot water, used for traditional tea ceremonies, etc). Pretty cool, huh?:
This form of art saw some popularity in the 1960s, but Seiichi's popularity faded and his work essentially went into obscurity after his premature death in the 1970s. I tried to do a little research on the artist and talked to several coworkers about the exhibit earlier today, but was stunned by a) how little information is available on the web about Niikuni Seiichi and his work (especially in English but also in Japanese) and b) that my coworkers weren't familiar with the work at all.
I really recommend visiting the exhibit if you are in the Osaka-area.
The English legal profession (and that of a number of Commonwealth
countries whose legal system derives directly from the English one)
has two categories of qualified lawyer: barristers and solicitors.
A solicitor is entitled to represent a client in the County (Civil)
Courts and in Magistrates' Court (a lower court in the English court
system). They are also the main legal representation for the majority
of people and companies in England and Wales: if you were buying or
selling a house you would engage a solicitor to carry out the
necessary legal niceties; a solicitor could assist and advise in
will-making; and they may also initiate private prosecutions or assist
clients against either public or private prosecutions.
A barrister is a legal professional who is qualified to represent
clients in Crown Court or the Higher Courts -- they can be considered
roughly analagous to American "advocacy lawyers". Much of their
training and abilities will lie in the courtroom skills of
cross-examination and rapid thinking. Regardless of whether they
represent the prosecution or the defence, a barrister never deals
directly with his or her clients -- instead they will be briefed on
the facts of the case by the client's solicitor, although they are
free to allow the courtroom proceedings to carry on as they see fit.
The reason for this split between courtroom advocates and other
lawyers is (as with most things in the UK legal systems) to do with
the unique history of England and Great Britain. The origins date way
back to the feudal Norman French system introduced from the 11th
Century.
The academic and training route to each of these two main branches of
law differs, as do the professional bodies that oversee them. To
become a solicitor a law graduate must first study a Legal Practice
Course and then spend two years in practice working as a trainee (this
used to be called "taking articles"). The professional body that
regulates these courses is the Law Society. To become a barrister the
route after graduation is to follow a Bar Vocational Course followed
by a Pupillage in a firm of barristers (known as Barristers'
Chambers), and this side of the profession is controlled by the Bar
Council. The systems are constantly under review and reform, and there
are certain moves currently underfoot which would somewhat blur the
distinction between these two groups of legal professionals.
To summarise: in England and Wales the term "lawyer" is a catch-all
meaning simply "one who is qualified in the legal profession"
(although it would rarely, if ever, be applied to judges or
magistrates). Both barristers and solicitors could call themselves
lawyers; however the two professions have very different skills and
jurisdictions.
Obviously this is only a very brief introduction to what is a very
detailed subject. There is a wealth of information on the web if a
more in-depth discussion is required.
Here are some further useful links that were recommended:
The British Council's brief guide to the UK legal systems (useful for
prospective students):
http://www.britishcouncil.org/governance/jusrig/uklaw/routes/
An introduction to the English legal system for non-lawyers and
international visitors:
http://www.niknicol.co.uk/English/english.html
UK Legal, a useful site for all kinds of information about the UK's
criminal justice systems:
http://www.uklegal.com/uklegal.htm
The Law Society of England and Wales
http://www.lawsoc.org.uk/
The Bar Council
http://www.barcouncil.org.uk/
The students in the next picture look a little more relaxed than the ones in the previous group, probably because we spent a lot of time joking around and talking about slang during this lesson:
We are currently focusing on a unit on Friendship and personality traits, so the girls in the next picture are talking about what traits are most important to them in a friendship, while they also practice model conversations.